China's foreign minister has called US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taiwan "manic, irresponsible and irrational".
At a meeting of Southeast Asian countries, Wang Yi defended China's military drills in the seas around Taiwan, held in response to the visit.
Ms Pelosi made a brief but controversial stop on the island on Wednesday, during a tour of the region.
China reacted by launching its biggest ever military exercises in the region.
Ms Pelosi is the most senior US politician to visit the island in 25 years.
Her decision to stop at the island has enraged Beijing, which it considers Taiwan to be a breakaway province of China.
The US does not officially recognise Taiwan, but it does maintain a strong relationship with the island, which includes selling weapons for Taiwan to defend itself.
Speaking during a meeting of Southeast Asian foreign ministers in Cambodia's capital Phnom Penh, Mr Wang said his country had done all it could to avoid a crisis but that it could "not allow its core interests to be hurt".
His comments came after Southeast Asian foreign ministers had earlier warned that growing tensions over Taiwan could spark open conflict in the region.
A statement from the Association of South East Asian Nations (Asean) called for maximum restraint and urged against any provocative action.
It said that recent developments could lead to "miscalculation, serious confrontation, open conflicts and unpredictable consequences among major powers".
Mr Wang said Taiwan would "eventually return to the embrace of the motherland".
The Chinese government has threatened to eventually seize the island by force if other attempts at unification are unsuccessful.
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