The US justice department charged Huawei and its chief financial officer, Meng Wanzhou, with conspiring to violate sanctions on Iran by doing business with Tehran through a subsidiary it tried to hide. Separately, it said Huawei also stole robotic technology from the US carrier T-Mobile.

In China’s first official reaction to the charges, Wen Ku, a senior official at the ministry of industry and information technology, told reporters in Beijing on Tuesday the indictments were “unfair and immoral”.

The news sparked a slide across Asian stock markets, amid fears the Huaweicase could damage the prospects for a long-awaited trade deal between China and the US.

MSCI’s index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan got off to a shaky start with losses accelerating as other regional markets opened. Benchmark indices in Australia and New Zealand were down 0.7% each while South Korea’s Kospi was off 0.3%. Chinese shares opened in the red too, with the blue-chip index down 0.2%. Japan’s Nikkei 225 index fell 1%, while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index was down 0.8%.

The charges against came just ahead of a two-day meeting between Chinese and US officials aimed at resolving the long-running trade war. Donald Trump will meet China’s top economy envoy, Liu He, during the talks, which start in Washington on Wednesday.

The US treasury secretary, Steven Mnuchin, said he expected “significant progress at these meetings”, despite the cloud Huawei has cast over the talks.

The justice department said Huawei had based its global expansion on “lies and deceit”. It accused the firm and its executives of stealing trade secrets, laundering money, obstructing justice and defrauding banks to elude US sanctions.

Matthew Whitaker, the acting attorney general, said criminal offending at Huawei went “all the way to the top of the company”. He announced that grand juries in Seattle and New York had issued indictments on 23 criminal charges.

Kirstjen Nielsen, the US homeland security secretary, said Huawei had operated a scheme that had been “detrimental to the security of the United States” by undermining sanctions against Iran.

The company, which is the world’s biggest manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, has consistently denied wrongdoing.

Huawei is accused by the US of stealing robot technology from T-Mobile for making smartphones. The FBI said it obtained emails showing that in 2013, the company offered bonuses to employees based on the value of information they stole from other companies and sent home via an encrypted email address.

Engineers from Huawei measured and took photographs of the robot, “Tappy”, and even stole a piece of it for replication in China, prosecutors said, and were falsely disowned as rogue employees by the company when they were caught.

The company and Meng are also accused of defrauding banks and lying to the US to get around economic sanctions on Iran. They claimed to have sold an Iranian subsidiary but had actually sold it to themselves, US prosecutors said.

Meng, 46, who is the daughter of the company’s founder, was arrested in Canada on 1 December following a request by the US, which will now seek to extradite her. She is accused of personally making a presentation to a “major banking partner” in which she “repeatedly lied” about the company’s relationship to the subsidiary, Skycom.

Meng is currently under house arrest and the US justice department has until 30 January to file a formal extradition request.

Another senior executive falsely told FBI agents that Huawei did not directly deal with Iranian companies, according to US authorities, and falsely said Huawei complied with all US export laws.

The charges said Huawei had also obstructed justice by concealing or destroying evidence about its Iranian subsidiary, and even moving potential witnesses who knew about the fraud back to China so they could not be reached by US investigators.

Prosecutors said that, as a corporate entity, Huawei could be punished by a fine of three times the value of the stolen trade secret, and up to $500,000 for wire fraud and obstruction of justice.

The charges are likely to raise tensions between China and the US amid a trade war between the world’s two biggest economies. They were unveiled shortly before trade talks between American and Chinese officials were due to resume.

Meanwhile, Meng’s arrest in Vancouver has provoked the detention and alleged abuse of two Canadian citizens in China, amid an ongoing diplomatic row between the two countries.

Huawei has long been considered a cybersecurity risk by US authorities. The Trump administration has pressured American technology companies to not use Huawei components, and have asked allied governments to do the same.

Whitaker said on Monday: “China must hold its citizens and Chinese companies accountable for complying with the law.”

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