The procedure will be carried out at the London Clinic private hospital, where Catherine, the Princess of Wales had surgery last week.
It is understood the King visited his daughter-in-law in the hospital on Friday morning, ahead of his own scheduled treatment.
It is not yet known how long King Charles will remain in hospital.
Queen Camilla was seen with the monarch when he arrived at the hospital in Marylebone in central London.
King Charles had made his health problem public as a way of sending a message to other men to get their prostates checked.
Following the disclosure, the NHS website saw a surge in searches about enlarged prostates, an interest welcomed by doctors and charities.
A statement from Buckingham Palace said the King was "delighted to learn that his diagnosis is having a positive impact on public health awareness".
He also thanked those who had "sent their good wishes".
The plan for King Charles, aged 75, to have "corrective procedure" for his enlarged prostate was revealed by the palace last week. He travelled on Thursday from Sandringham to London to have the operation.
A benign prostate problem, which is non-cancerous, is common in older men, according to the NHS.
Around one in three men over the age of 50 will have some symptoms of an enlarged prostate, which is a gland that sits just below the bladder.
The medical treatment is not significant enough to require any constitutional changes for the King's role as head of state. There won't be a need for "counsellors of state" who can stand in when a monarch is seriously ill.
The King is being treated in the same hospital where his daughter-in-law Catherine had "abdominal surgery" last week.
AzVision.az
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