"When I launched my leadership campaign, I said that politics is not a game," she said.
"The decisions that we take around this table affect people`s day-to-day lives and we must do the right thing, take the right decisions for the future of this country. We have the challenge of Brexit, and Brexit does mean Brexit, and we`re going to make a success of it."
Ministers banged on the table after the prime minister made her opening remarks at the meeting, which is being used to set out the government`s priorities.
Mrs May became Britain`s second female prime minister when she succeeded David Cameron last week.
She quickly formed her top-team, appointing Boris Johnson as foreign secretary, Philip Hammond as chancellor and Amber Rudd in her old job as home secretary.
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