The figure makes it the strongest worldwide debut ever - marginally overtaking the $529m (£421.8m) taken by Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
However, the film's US takings were down sharply on the previous movie.
Furious 7 took $147.2m (£117.3m) in the US when it was released in 2015 - but the latest instalment of the series opened with $100.2m (£80m).
Rhianna Dhillon, film critic and host BBC Radio 4's Seriously podcast, says the success of the Fast & Furious franchise is down to its "universal appeal".
"They're films people of all ages can enjoy, because they have that pure, unadulterated escapism about them, children and adults alike are quite happy to watch things get blown up and smashed up," she said.
"A lot of what drags movies like The Avengers down is the plot, and Fast & Furious isn't trying to compete with those heavy, convoluted storylines. This is just cars smashing into each other and it's okay to enjoy that.
"This franchise isn't trying to be anything it's not. Ultimately, from the bottom up, it doesn't take itself too seriously."
Dhillon added that the diversity of the cast is one of the key reasons the film series has seen continued box office success.
"Hollywood really underestimates minority audiences," she said. "For example, if you break down the figures, the Latino audience is huge, what with Vin Diesel's following. I think that has so much to do with it, because not many films offer that.
"The franchise does still attract huge stars each time - this year as the villain we have Charlize Theron, there's an appearance from Helen Mirren. These aren't people you've never heard of, they have the most bankable movie stars in the world.
"And Dwayne Johnson has given the films a new lease of life - when you buy a star like him you're buying his fans as well."
Despite the drop of nearly a third on the previous film, its US performance is still pretty impressive - The Fate of the Furious accounted for nearly two-thirds of all US box office takings over the weekend.
Its nearest competitor was The Boss Baby, which took a further $15.5m to land second place.
The Fast & Furious franchise, which began in 2001, is a series of action films involving a lot of car chases, street races and heists.
The success of the latest film was led by China - which saw three-day takings of $190m (£151m).
Vin Diesel, who has appeared in every film in the franchise, said he felt "grateful, humbled and blessed" after the film's success.
The Fate of the Furious also stars Charlize Theron, Tyrese Gibson and Ludacris.
More chapters in the Furious franchise are planned for release in 2019 and 2021.
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