The visit comes as the US tilts away from Pakistan, while deepening strategic and economic ties with India in a bid to counter China's increasing influence in the "Indo-Pacific" region -- Pompeo's preferred term for the area that stretches from the west coast of the United States to the west coast of India.
Pompeo will have to perform a tricky balancing act, analysts say, as Pakistan is fast falling within China's sphere of influence and its arch-rival India is smarting over a series of trade threats and insults from President Donald Trump.
"US-Pakistan ties have deteriorated significantly," said Alyssa Ayres, senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. "US patience across parties has grown thin. Pakistanis generally believe that the United States is a fair-weather friend, in contrast to the 'all-weather' friendship of China."
On US-India relations, Ayres added that "the unprecedented degree to which President Trump focuses on at times arbitrary and even trivial economic issues to measure the health of foreign relations has created new uncertainty."
Central to Pompeo's visit will be his first meeting with newly elected Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan.
Pompeo, who is scheduled to visit Islamabad for several hours on Wednesday, September 5, before moving on to Delhi, is due to meet Khan for high-level talks. Few expect the meeting to be smooth.
Last month Islamabad disputed Washington's accountof a phone call between Pompeo and Khan, denying there had been any discussion on militants operating in Pakistan.
Khan is known for his criticism of US policy in Afghanistan, but he said after becoming the country's prime minister last month that he wants to improve relations with Washington.
However, earlier this week the US, frustrated by Islamabad's reluctance to crack down on Afghan Taliban militants in its territory, canceled $300m in military aid to Pakistan, further complicating relations.
"This was an inevitable move," said Michael Kugelman, South Asia expert at the US-based Wilson Center. "For months, US officials had been telegraphing a message of unhappiness about a lack of clear movement on the Pakistani side to address the terrorism issue."
Islamabad reacted angrily, claiming that the funds were owed to Pakistan for counter-terrorism operations carried out at Washington's behest.
The Trump administration has also signaled major reservations about the IMF granting Pakistan another bailout as Islamabad assumes billions of dollars in debt for the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a multi-billion dollar series of Chinese funded infrastructure projects stretching from the Chinese border to Pakistan's deep water ports.
"As a result, Pakistan-US relations are currently in a volatile state, though the prior status quo was itself volatile, and had grown increasingly untenable from the US perspective," said Jeff Smith, a research fellow at Heritage Foundation.
Smith added that Khan's views may differ from the Pakistan military's on Afghanistan, but the army remains in control of defense and foreign policy.
The Afghanistan question
Pompeo is also due to meet the Pakistani army chief, General Qamar Javed Bajwa, during his visit. The general held meetings with Khan three times this week, but it is not known what was discussed.
Husein Haqqani, former Pakistani ambassador to the US and a director at the Hudson Institute, told CNN that although Washington has previously made threats to Pakistan over its alleged support of Afghan militants, Trump's administration means business.
"What is different this time is the willingness of the US side to recognize that Pakistan may not just be a difficult ally that needs to be persuaded to cooperate a bit more, but a country that is no longer an ally," he said.
However, analysts said Pompeo should try to keep Pakistan on board as its links to the Taliban make it a key player in efforts to achieve a peace settlement with Afghanistan. Pakistan also provides vital military supply routes to landlocked Afghanistan.
"Given that Kabul and Washington have now signed off on direct talks between the US and the Taliban, Washington may not think Islamabad will play that important a role in helping bringing the Taliban to talks," said Kugelman.
"But, if a process of reconciliation begins, it will be a long and difficult slog, and Pakistan would still be useful if not essential in such a process, given its close ties to the Taliban," he added.
Afghanistan will probably be discussed again by Pompeo during his visit to New Delhi, where he will be accompanied by Defense Secretary James Mattis.
"India will likely look to impress upon Pompeo and Mattis that an abrupt withdrawal of US and international troops from Afghanistan will create greater instability in the region," said Ayres.
"India will likely also focus on their own constructive development assistance to Afghanistan and their work developing the Chabahar port in Iran," she added.
Chabahar, which would be a conduit for Indian supplies to Afghanistan, is seen by Islamabad as a rival to its Gwadar port, the mainstay of China's $60 billion Belt and Road Initiative infrastructure investment in Pakistan.
US support of Indian interests in Afghanistan has spooked Pakistan, which aims to help install a friendly regime in Kabul.
India strategy
The main thrust of Pompeo's focus in New Delhi will be the Trump administration's Indo-Pacific economic strategy, seen by many as its response to China's Belt and Road initiative.
The United States and India have been allies for a while, but Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi have significantly strengthened their bonds.
"India is now America's main South Asian ally and partner," said Haqqani. "The US hopes to act in concert with India to contain China in the Indo-Pacific."
But in recent months Trump has cast uncertainty on the relationship, said Manoj Joshi, fellow at Observer Research Foundation, by sparking tit-for-tat tariff threats and pressuring India not to buy oil from Iran.
Also Trump's lampooning of Modi's accent and his threat of US sanctions if India imports Russian hardware have also cast a shadow on the relationship.
"To be sure, there does appear to be an air of unease in Delhi owing to an uptick in trade frictions and a general sense of unpredictability about the Trump Administration's priorities and intentions," said Smith.
Dhruva Jaishankar, a fellow at Brookings India, told CNN that "on bilateral issues, relations have been more complicated, especially on trade and to a lesser degree on immigration".
Joshi said the two side will "seek to find ways to minimize friction arising from Trump's actions against Iran, trade and the Russian sanctions."
But, analysts agreed that overall US-India relations have improved under Trump in terms of geopolitical and military links.
"On strategic relations, ties have actually deepened and convergences have accelerated," said Jaishankar. "This extends to continuing efforts to enable India access to advanced US military equipment based on a reduction in licensing requirements and offers of new kinds of technology."
The establishment of the first India-US "2+2" foreign and defense ministers dialogue was itself a significant accomplishment, said Smith.
"The fundamentals of the relationship remain sound and the geopolitical logic that's driven the historic India-US partnership is as compelling as ever," he added.
However, India remains concerned about the US's diminished stature on the world stage under Trump. "President Trump's stepping back from the globalization project and (China's) President Xi making efforts to step in are developments that India would be concerned about," said Biswajit Dhar, a professor of economics at Jawaharlal Nehru university.
CNN
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