The operation marks the first time that Turkey has carried out airstrikes against ISIL on Syrian territory.
Earlier in the day, Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu held an emergency meeting on national security in Ankara.
The meeting comes after a suicide bombing attack, on July 20, in the Turkish city of Suruc near the Syrian border, which claimed lives of 32 people and injured more than 100.
Turkey shares a 550-mile border with war-torn Syria, where the ISIL jihadist group has seized vast territories over the past three years. ISIL was reportedly responsible for the Suruc bombing.
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