"We are following with great concern what is happening in Syria, Iraq, Jerusalem and the West Bank, where we are seeing an escalation of violence that involves innocent civilians and continues to fuel a humanitarian crisis of enormous proportions," the pope said.
He followed with an "urgent appeal to the international community to find a way to effectively assist the parties concerned and expand their horizons beyond their immediate interests".
The Islamic State controls large swathes of territory in Iraq and Syria, where it is targeted by a US-led airstrike coalition.
What to do about war-torn Syria in particular has sparked a diplomatic crisis between the West and Russia.
Western nations are critical of Moscow`s military intervention, accusing it of seeking to prop up President Bashar al-Assad rather than tackle Islamic State jihadists operating there.
French President Francois Hollande warned Wednesday that a failure by the international community to act in Syria risked stoking a "total war" in the Middle East.
And in Israel and the West Bank, fresh unrest has sparked fears that a third Palestinian uprising, or intifada, could erupt.
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