The alleged agreement involves Google paying Apple a percentage of revenue - as much as 34% - gained through iOS devices.
Both companies declined to comment.
The BBC has not been able to verify the claims independently.
Bloomberg added that the referenced document has since been removed from the web.
"The transcript vanished without a trace from electronic court records at about 15:00," the report noted.
The court proceedings in question regard a lawsuit by Oracle Corp. in which the firm claims that Google used its Java software to develop Android but failed to pay for it.
`Lucrative business`
Analyst firms, such as Morgan Stanley, have quoted the $1bn figure in the past, but this appears to be the first time that a reference has been found in court documents.
"It`s a very lucrative business to be the browser of choice on a device or the search engine on a device," Chris Green, a technology analyst at consultancy firm Lewis, told the BBC.
"It really does, I think, highlight the importance that`s being put on being able to own real estate and the conduits through which people access information."
However, Mr Green also noted that it was generally quite common for companies to pay hardware vendors fees for the placement of software and services on devices and that sometimes that may indeed be a percentage of revenue gained as a result.
Bad ads
Other details about how Google manages its services emerged this week - including the fact that the firm removed 780 million "bad" advertisements from its sites last year.
By bad, Google said it was referring to ads which linked to malware, promoted fake goods or covered up website content.
In a blog post, the company said it had more than 1,000 people within its organisation responsible for weeding out these ads and that the number that had to be removed was increasing.
Some figures published by Google on advertisements include:
-More than 17 million ads designed to trick or mislead people into clicking them removed
-12.5 million ads blocked which violated Google`s healthcare and medicine policy - such as ads for unapproved drugs
-More than 30,000 sites suspended for carrying misleading claims about weight loss programmes
-More than 10,000 sites and 18,000 accounts suspended for attempting to sell counterfeit goods
-More than 10,000 sites disabled for offering unwanted software
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