The prosecutors in the eastern town of Osijek said Modric gave a false court statement in June about his 2008 transfer from Dinamo to Tottenham. He moved to Real Madrid in 2012.
The 32-year-old Modric told the court he had a deal with former Dinamo director Zdravko Mamic to pay the club 50 percent of the 21 million euro ($26 million) contract. Mamic is charged with taking an unspecified chunk without declaring it to tax authorities.
Prosecutors claim there was no legal contract between Modric and Mamic and that their private deal was backdated after the player had already been sold to the London club.
If charged and found guilty, Modric could face up to five years in prison.
The Croatian soccer federation said in a statement that it stands by the captain of the national team "because we believe that in this process he will prove his innocence as well as groundlessness of the charges."
Prosecutors have accused Mamic, his brother and two others of embezzling 15 million euros of the club's money since 2008 on different player transfer deals from Dinamo to foreign clubs, and not paying 1.6 million euros in taxes.
Mamic is considered the most powerful person in Croatian soccer with substantial political influence. The country has a strong national team but struggles at club level. There are also perennial problems with hooliganism.
The trial is seen as a test of Croatian judiciary in the face of widespread corruption.
More about: Croatia
